Key limes measure 2 inches around and are oval in shape.
The Key lime tree, commonly called the Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia) grows to a height of 6 to 13 feet. Often grown as a patio container tree, it usually maintains a small height when potted. The tree produces slender branches that are covered in sharp spines. Spineless cultivars are available but they produce less fruit. An evergreen, the Key lime tree produces leathery foliage. Flowers with a slight fragrance appear in the spring.
General Requirements
The Key lime tree can only survive in tropical or subtropical locations. It is highly sensitive to cold weather. Always choose a planting location that offers wind protection. The tree thrives in direct sunlight. If it sustains partial shade it will not produce fruit well. It grows best in a region that receives 80 to 150 inches of rainfall per year. Without adequate water, the tree's fruit production will be greatly reduced. Key limes grown in containers may be moved indoors during inclement weather.
Soil Needs
Highly adaptable to a wide range of soils, the Key lime tree tolerates alkaline soil and sandy conditions. It does not withstand soils with high salinity or an excessive clay base. Trees grown in deep, sandy soil often produce fruits that are smaller with thicker peels. Key lime trees prefer well-draining soil and can even tolerate rocky or porous lava rock-based soils. Avoid allowing grass to grow around the base of the Key lime tree because it does not compete well for water or nutrients.
Planting, Fertilizing and Harvesting
Space Key lime trees at least 25 feet apart in an orchard setting or 12 feet away from other shrubs in a home setting. The Key lime tree begins to produce fruit when it reaches 3 to 6 years of age, but an ample crop is not obtained until the tree is 8 to 10 years old. The tree benefits from being fertilized with ammonium sulfate (21-0-0). Follow the directions on the label for application instructions. Key lime trees produce fruit year-round but usually have two profuse production times, depending on the region in which they are grown. Harvest the fruit when it is greenish in color.
Pests, Diseases and Pruning
A hardy tree, the Key lime suffers from few pests. The Asian leafminer can damage the tree's foliage but is rarely serious. The tree is prone to fungal infections, especially when the rainfall is abundant or from overwatering. High humidity can also result in the tree suffering a fungus infection. Spacing the tree so its foliage receives ample air flow will also help reduce the incidences of fungal infections. Only prune the Key lime tree to remove dead or diseased stems.
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